In professional photography, direct observation of the subject has its limits. Effective composition must be evaluated through the camera’s viewfinder, as this introduces various influences, both beneficial and otherwise. Digital cameras and Polaroid backs allow photographers to preview their compositions before capturing the image, which is particularly useful when working with commercial clients, art directors, or when uncertain about the desired framing.
Many photographers using medium or large format cameras employ a Polaroid back to test composition and exposure with instant film. However, digital cameras are increasingly replacing Polaroid backs. The primary change with digital photography is the necessity to work within a defined frame with distinct edges, corners, and a specific aspect ratio.
The viewfinder or focusing screen is analogous to a sheet of paper. While you don’t draw directly on it, you must visualize and structure the image within its borders, considering balance, tonal or color proportions, line usage, and optimal placement of the main subject. Some viewfinder systems facilitate composition more than others; for example, modern SLR cameras have superior view-finding optics compared to poorly designed direct-vision finders or the inverted image on a view camera screen.
A digital camera with a viewing screen offers the clearest pre-shot image, enabling the photographer to take multiple shots and increase the chances of capturing the desired image, especially in dynamic situations. The screen can also be used to showcase potential images to clients, though it may not perfectly represent exposure, often being one or two stops off, potentially affecting final image quality.
Incorporating camera use with visual assessment adds the technical aspects of photography, such as depth of field, motion blur, and focal length choices, usually to enhance rather than detract from the intended composition.
