Composition is about presenting subjects in the strongest, most efficient way possible, often by avoiding clutter and confusion among the elements. The way you visually compose your images is as crucial as their technical quality, and this skill is developed through both experience and learning. It involves using lines, shapes, and tonal areas in your images to create a harmonious and satisfying geometry.
Composition is a common thread between photography, drawing, painting, and other fine arts. The key difference in photography is that you must make the most of what is in front of you at the moment, ensuring the subject is well-framed and presented. While the camera captures images quickly, and darkroom or computer edits are possible, good composition often starts with a closer look through the viewfinder.
Common mistakes, like cutting off feet or having objects appear to grow from people’s heads, can be avoided by paying attention to composition rules. Although rules are meant to be broken, as Edward Weston famously said, “Reading the rules of composition before taking a photo is like reading the laws of gravity before going for a walk.” This sentiment highlights the importance of experience, but guidelines are valuable for beginners. Practice comparing images that succeed structurally with those that don’t and discuss these comparisons with others.
When possible, take multiple photos of a subject, starting with the obvious shots and then experimenting with small changes in element placement. Simplify and strengthen your image through these adjustments. Don’t hesitate to move around—kneel down, move to the side, or find a unique angle. Small movements can significantly alter the composition, emphasizing the photographer’s role over the camera’s.
Good composition contributes to the style and originality of your images. Some photographers prefer staggered compositions to enhance the image’s content’s uniqueness. Like music or writing, compositional photography can enrich the subject matter, theme, and style. Effective composition guides the audience to “read” the photo as intended, successfully conveying your ideas. Every photo involves a compositional decision, from camera placement to the moment you press the shutter.
